Memory and resilience: A two-pronged approach to natural spaces in Colombia’s transition to a peaceful society

The analysis of spontaneous environmental initiatives undertaken by individuals and communities in cases of conflicts has led to a growing research field in social science, according to which the community-based stewardship of nature seems to conduce to the resilience of co-evolved social-ecological systems. In Colombia, where no such research exists so far, the conflict which officially ended in November 2016 has led to massive internal migration due to forced displacement, as well as to widespread degradation of the environment. Based on evidence provided by case studies of top-down and bottom-up living memorials and urban agriculture initiatives, the article explores the potential of urban greening in the process of memorialisation and in generating new social cohesion, as well as better living conditions in urban areas. It analyses cases both where the conflict has taken place and in the cities where refugees have settled, in order to explore avenues for public policies in post conflict Colombia. The author concludes that greening initiatives offer manifold, so far overlooked, opportunities to restoring social and ecological resilience in urban areas and thus contribute to a lasting peace in Colombia.     

Sacred sites as habitats of culturally important plant species in an Indian megacity

Cultural ecosystem services related to urban green spaces contribute significantly to liveable cities. While previous studies highlight the intersection of cultural ecosystem services with societal values, spiritual or religious values associated with urban nature have received less attention. In India, as in other parts of the world, sacred sites are known for their biological richness, but analyses from urban sacred sites are largely missing. Based on a stratified random sampling approach, we analysed the cultivated and wild plant species assemblages of 69 sacred sites in the megacity of Bengaluru, India, in relation to biological and cultural features, and parameters related to the urban matrix and type of sacred sites (temple vs. katte). Unlike other urban studies, we found a dominance of native species in the cultivated and spontaneous species pools (121 species in total), with Ficus religiosa and Azadirachta indica as most frequently planted species. Culturally relevant species prevailed in the species pool (89%), with overlaps between religious (36%), medicinal (50%) and ornamental (62%) plants; only 11% of species were weeds. Urban matrix parameters (age of development, housing density) and size and type of sacred sites were related to differences in species assemblages. We identified key species for different classes of age and housing density, and for types of sacred sites. Our study demonstrates that urban sacred sites have an important potential in harbouring both native and culturally significant species that can support urban livelihoods in developing countries by a range of cultural and provisioning ecosystem services, including medicinal uses. As such sites are conserved by communities for spiritual or cultural beliefs, local biodiversity can be enhanced, e.g. by adapting management practices through community participation. This would strengthen the important contribution of sacred sites within the green infrastructure of rapidly growing megacities.     

新时期公共图书馆为农民工提供信息服务初探

以我国全面推进公益性文化设施免费开放的政策为背景．通过分析农民工主要的信息需求和公共图书馆为农民工提供信息服务的可行性．提出了公共图书馆为农民工提供信息服务的有效措施。     

基于改进蚁群算法的服务组合研究

在服务计算过程中，服务组合问题是其中关键的技术之一。在原子候选服务数目巨大的情况下，经典的算法一般都是寻找问题的最优解，存在运算量大，运行时间长的缺点，蚁群算法并不是寻找服务组合问题的最优解，而是得到用户能够认同的可行解。为了能够更有效的为用户提供各种服务，在静态的服务组合建立过程中，以服务发现的候选原子服务集合中的服务质量为权重，将服务组合问题分解成一个有向无环图，在组合代价为最小的原则下，采用改进的蚁群算法为搜索方法，迭代一定的次数或者达到用户设定的服务质量为算法的终止条件，找到能够组合为用户需要的原子候选服务集合，进而快速、准确的得到用户期望的服务。     

经络穴位给药系统在兽医临床上的应用

经络穴位给药系统以中医经络理论为基础,具有经穴效应和药物效应的双重治疗特性,已广泛应用于兽医临床.目前,兽医临床上常用穴位给药方式是穴位埋植和穴位注射,而常用穴位主要是后海穴、百会穴、肺龠穴.随着经络穴位给药系统的广泛应用,新型经络穴位给药制剂和经络穴位给药作用机理已成为经络穴位给药系统研究的重点.     

黄土残塬沟壑区不同林龄与坡向人工刺槐林生态系统服务协同关系

[目的] 通过权衡关系的研究探索不同林龄与坡向人工刺槐林多项生态系统服务间的差异及动态变化关系，为黄土残塬沟壑区人工刺槐林的经营管理提供理论依据。[方法] 按照不同林龄阶段和坡向共设置36个样地，对所选林分的涵养水源、土壤碳储量、土壤氮储量、年均生产力、生物多样性5个方面的生态系统服务进行测算，利用均方根偏差（RMSD）对该区人工刺槐林生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系进行研究，对生态系统服务与林分因子进行冗余分析。[结果] ①不同林龄、坡向人工刺槐林的生态系统服务差异显著（p<0.05）；随林龄增加，涵养水源量和年均生产力从幼龄林到中龄林增加达到最大值，随后逐渐减小；而生物多样性则呈先增后减趋势，在成熟林时期最高；土壤碳、氮储量随林龄增加呈逐渐增加趋势；阴坡的各生态系统服务价值均高于阳坡。②林龄是引起生态系统服务权衡关系变化的主导因子（p<0.05），坡向对生态系统服务权衡关系的影响不显著（p > 0.05），土壤碳固存与土壤氮固存呈协同关系，涵养水源与其他生态系统服务的权衡关系相比程度较高。③人工刺槐林5项生态系统服务与盖度、郁闭度、凋落物厚度呈现不同程度的正相关，与坡度呈现不同程度的负相关。[结论] 人工刺槐林生态系统服务在中龄林和过熟林时期权衡度高，不利于整体生态系统服务效益的发挥。应在中龄林时期引入耐旱灌木或乡土草本，在过熟林经营过程中，在满足涵养水源的前提下，合理控制林分密度，促进其他生态系统服务的作用，提高整体效益。     

Farmers' knowledge and perception of grain legume pests and their management in the Eastern province of Kenya

Grain legumes play an important role in community livelihood and in the national economy in Kenya. Unfortunately, in many African countries, production doesn't satisfy the demand in grains due to various constrains. Understanding farmers practices and behavior in the management of grain legume pests is a crucial step in the development of sustainable management strategies. A total of 216 farmers were surveyed in eight districts of eastern Kenya to evaluate farmers' knowledge and perceptions of grain legume pests; to examine current pest management practices, and to identify other production constraints. Grain legumes are grown by a wide age-group of farmers, with both genders equally represented. Chemical control remains the main pest management strategy, and, to ensure pesticide effectiveness, farmers also use increased application rates, chemical alternation, frequent application and mixtures of chemicals. While farmers used other control measures, they showed only limited interest in biological control. The majority of the farmers had experience in grain legume farming and were able to identify the major pests, which were the legume flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius. Our survey revealed that education and proximity to extension services contributed significantly to farmers' knowledge of grain legume pests, suggesting the need to provide continuous training and capacity building on integrated pest management in grain legume farming. The study also suggests integration of other pest management strategies such as the use of early maturing varieties, biopesticides and biofertilizer to reduce the use of chemical for sustainable pest management.     

涉农本科高校畜牧兽医专业双语教学调查分析

双语教学符合经济全球化对高等教育国际化的要求,可为国家培养懂专业又懂外语的复合型人才,是我国高等教育改革的热点之一。论文从师资水平、学习双语课程中的困难、双语教材的使用情况以及课堂教学效果四个方面调查涉农本科高校畜牧兽医专业双语教学现状。调查证实了双语教学在使学生掌握专业知识的同时又能提高学生的英语水平;同时还发现河南省涉农本科高校畜牧兽医专业双语教学存在如下问题:双语教师专业能力较强而外语运用能力较弱,学生双语学习的主要困难在于专业术语和词汇,教材的使用缺乏规范。     

基于广告、技术、奖励的二级供应链效益最大化研究

基于技术进步视角，构建服务业FDI影响产业安全的理论模型，并采用1996-2013年的时序数据和分位数回归方法进行检验。实证结果表明，服务业FDI对技术进步的总效应为正；分位数回归进一步揭示，服务业FDI对技术进步的直接效应为正、间接效应为负，并在技术进步的低中分位点上，服务业FDI的直接效应大于间接效应，而在技术进步的高分位点上，服务业FDI的直接效应小于间接效应。研究证实，在技术进步的初期，服务业FDI会对产业安全发展产生直接的正向推动作用，但随着时间的推移，服务业FDI会威胁其产业安全。